Conditions at the open Fatimid Egypt
Egypt has been tracking the Abbasid state dependent par hitting the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, a high degree of vulnerability so that it no longer Khalifa any authority over her after that boarded the gubernatorial mandates with the survival of their recognition of the sovereignty of religious successors the Abbasids represented in the name of the Abbasid caliph in the Friday sermon and engraved his name on the rail (currency).
Egypt Fastqlt days of the State Tulunid then Alakhchidah, and boarded the Samanid Khurasaan and the country beyond the river, and Abd al-Rahman III established the Umayyad Caliphate in Andalusia.
And reached the Abbasid Caliphate significant weakness even in their own backyard became the Abbasid Caliph under the control of his generals from the Persians and the Turks, who brought them to be soldiers in lieu of the Arabs, turned the matter is that they became the real power dominant country has been Alboppeah in Iraq and some cities in Persia, and State Hamdania in Mosul, Diyarbakir, and the state Ghaznawi in Afghanistan first, and then it soon took on some of the Samanid state property and state Albuehih.
Although these mini-states-CIS was a fragmentation of the Abbasid caliphate University and led to many conflicts between them, but at the same time produced strong leaders were able to hinder (men) attacks Albezntinyin and to expand the borders of the Islamic nation to open states new what was the Abbasid Caliphate could yet received what happened to them of weakness and a tendency to luxury and extravagance, for example India, which opened the state Ghaznawi and was the cause of Islam to enter the Indian sub-continent (India, Pakistan, now Bangladesh).
And many Muslim states are separated from the Abbasid Caliphate has also led to the emergence of urban centers next to the capitals of Baghdad, is the mini-states such as Cairo and Cordoba and Tashkent, and other cultural momentum, which expanded the Islamic civilization.
The Fatimid conquest of Egypt
Try the Fatimid conquest of Egypt three previous occasions even took the Fatimid caliphate in the Maghreb Caliph Muizz Fatimid approaches 341 years, and started in the processing of a huge army by Egypt to open their number reached to 100 thousand soldiers, and the Crown on the essence of his Sicilian.
Out the campaign on 14 Rabi Thani in 358 approaches / February 969 AD under the leadership of the city of Kairouan, the essence of Sicilian Vslmha Alexandria and income of people without a fight. And realized that the people of Fustat before they repelled the armies of the Fatimids sent the minister Ja'far ibn Furat a messenger from the upper to the essence of Sicilian ask him to safety, and agreed to the essence of the era published books of Justice and the re-assurance and freedom to leave the Egyptians to practice their faith.
On 17 August and entered the core of Egypt (Fustat) and left the minister Ja'far ibn Furat and supervision, and other scientists at the meeting and welcomed him, and Lashkar-e in the position that the essence of us when the city of Cairo.
So still the Abbasid Caliphate and the Sultan Alakhchida rule in Egypt without a fight and one sword blow and Egypt became the mandate of the Fatimid state stretching from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the Red Sea to the east and remained so for 200 years.
Johralskulai business in Egypt
The rule of the essence of Sicilian Egypt about three years of 969 m / 358 approaches to 972 m / 362 U.S. approaches as a deputy of the Fatimid Caliph al-Allah the Fatimid Fatimid goats.
The essence of Sicilian governor just sit and listen to grievances of himself and is rights to their owners and beaten at the hands of corrupt and troublemakers. , As it was to prevent the soldiers from the attack on the Moroccan people.
The foundations of the essence of Sicilian Cairo, the fourth Islamic capitals of Egypt, to be based for the rule of the Fatimid Caliph in Egypt. And it was an area of 340 primary acres to a square whose sides measure approximately 1200 meters, and extends from the Lighthouse Mosque ruling Zewailah north to south door of the city limits and east hills and cliffs of the Great West Gulf and from the south city Alktaea, as he built a fence around the the new city of mud-brick has eight sections: Zewailah door and the door of the vagina from the south and Bab al-Nasr and Bab from the north and Alaqratin door (the door burned) and the cable from the east door and the door of Kantara in the West.
Charted the essence of Sicilian great palace for the establishment of the Fatimid Caliph and was located near the eastern wall of the so-called Eastern Palace. And it extends from the position in which there are now to the scene Husseini Mosque of al about and had nine sections: In the east there was a feast doors and Emerald Palace and thorns, and the western side there were sections of the sea, gold, Zhoma, and the south side there were doors and saffron soil Daylam and in the northern one door is the door the wind.
Spread Shi'ism
Work since the first day of the Fatimids them to turn the people of Egypt to the Shiite sect, but without force. He ordered the essence of Sicilian muezzins in the mosques that deliver Adhan in the best neighborhood to work instead of living to the farmer - and is the doctrine of the Shiites in the ears.
Also established the Al-Azhar mosque to be a center where people receive the Shiite doctrines, and who sought to publish the peaceful and carrots. Was the appointment of the adherents of the Shiite sect of Egyptian positions in the state job.
Began to build the core of the grand mosque, which named after Al-Azhar Mosque, in April of 970 m / 359 Jumada the other approaches, and completed it in June, year 972 AD / 361 approaches. And the surface area of Al-Azhar when built half the current area that now stands at 12,000 square meters.
Held at Al-Azhar mosque first Friday prayers of Ramadan on 6 in 361 approaches, and notice the people that Khatib was not invited to the Abbasid caliphate as it was before, and it was called the Fatimid caliph Muizz.
As is the essence of that is said in the sermon: "O Allah, bless Muhammad Ali Mustafa, Ali Murtaza Ali, Ali Fatima Virgin, Ali Hassan and Hussein Spti the Apostle, who go their abomination of God and Tehrhm cleansing, and access to imams Tahreinn fathers of the faithful goats to the religion of God. "
Follow the Fatimids and innovative ways to promote their beliefs Shiite, besides the appointment of the adherents of the doctrine in the positions of the state, took refuge in the Fatimids to the development of religious ceremonies were not present before, and linked to manifestations of joy and rituals dominated by joy and fun, and that the granulation of the people in the new doctrine. Of those ceremonies celebrating Prophet's birthday and on the middle of August and Ashura and celebrations of Ramadan, and inventing dishes and songs specific to these festivals, including meals Kenafa and Velours in the month of Ramadan, and applied the Xora in the birth of Ashura, and song and vesiculae O vesiculae that sings children and they go out lanterns at night in Ramadan.
Annexation of the Levant and Palestine to the Sultan of the Fatimids
The ambition is to expand the Fatimid east at the expense of the Abbasid Caliphate, the essence of Sicilian Václav so Jaafar Bin Falah and is the leader of the tribe of Ketama Moroccan annexation of Palestine and the Levant to the Sultan of the Fatimids, and Palestine and the Levant were at that time under the rule remains Alakhcidiin. And held a decisive battle between the army and the Fatimid army Alakhchid led by Hassan bin Abdullah bin Tgj, and defeated the Fatimids, and were able to extend their influence to Damascus and Palestine in 969 AD / 359 approaches and became a sermon in the Levant the Fatimid caliph.
But the Fatimids did not Ihnoa long, has turned them Qaramita on the island, although they also Hieion, and marched on Damascus and captured, and defeated the Fatimids, who wore Vtbahm Qaramita to Egypt in Egypt and two armies met east of Cairo, and a severe battle took place which could Fatimids and repel Qaramita response to the Levant.
And two years after the attempted invasion of Egypt Qaramita again defeated them, but Fatimid Cairo and then east to the Levant and Tbauhm dispersed respondents and entered Damascus Alaftmeon again 974 m / 363 approaches and have re-Sham to the authority of the Fatimids.
Goats come to Egypt and its transformation to the center of the caliphate
The essence of the opinion that the foundations have been consolidated Fatimid rule in Egypt sent to the caliph calls him to come to Cairo to settle out and be the capital of the Fatimid caliphate.
Left Muizz Fatimid city Mansourieh (now Tunisia), and marched to Egypt, and entered Cairo on 7 Ramadan approaches 362 / 972 m, and since he became Egypt's capital and seat of the Fatimid caliphate caliph.
Download the goat with him to Egypt, a thousand and five hundred camels laden with gold, and carried with him the remains of ancestors to be buried in Cairo. And Kasserine housing Hidahma hunters who has the essence of the Sicilian city of Cairo.
Relieved caliph essence of Sicily from the ministry for fear of it on his authority and guardian of Jacob Ben-class, and is an Iraqi Jew who came to Egypt and stayed there, and became famous Bdehaúh and hatched days camphor Alakhchida even said of him, "If this man is a Muslim made him a minister."
Jacob Ben-class turning to Islam in 967 AD by the Fatimids enter Egypt, he moved to North Africa where he joined the service of the Fatimid Caliph goats, goats, even came to Egypt and the governors of the Ministry of Egypt rather than the essence of Sicily. He was one of the first acts of Jacob is the release of all of the previously arrested and Alokhcidiin Alkavorien.
And in order to spread Shi'ism Jacob issued orders that the words engraved on the walls (the best of people after the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him Commander of the Faithful Ali bin Abi Talib) and used the poets, and lavished on them to call to the Shiite sect.
Enacted as caliph years stay in the palace of the Caliph banquets and followed by the caliphs after him in this habit. , With a throne that sits by the end of luxury beyond description. He also ordered the caliph do a map of the world of blue silk shows all over the world.
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